The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.